Day: August 25, 2008

Categories
Documentation MySQL

Using the Google Perftools to speed up your MySQL server

The Google Perftools, especially tcmalloc (Thread Caching Malloc), can be very useful to speed up your applications, depending on your environment :

TCMalloc is faster than the glibc 2.3 malloc (available as a separate library called ptmalloc2) and other mallocs that I have tested. ptmalloc2 takes approximately 300 nanoseconds to execute a malloc/free pair on a 2.8 GHz P4 (for small objects). The TCMalloc implementation takes approximately 50 nanoseconds for the same operation pair.

Its deployment in your LAMP stack can speed up your MySQL servers, since it enhances memory allocation on threaded applications with the downside of larger memory footprints.

Here is how to use it easily…

Installation

First of all, be sure you use Debian 5.0 (a.k.a. “Lenny”) or later. Then install the minimal tcmalloc library from Dotdeb :

apt-get install libtcmalloc-minimal0

Then, since the mainstream MySQL packages are not compiled against tcmalloc, you’ll have to trick your OS’ dynamic linker by adding the following line at the top of your /etc/init.d/mysql init script :

export LD_PRELOAD="/usr/lib/libtcmalloc_minimal.so.0"

/etc/init.d/mysql modification

After relauching your MySQL server using the modified init script, you’ll take profit from tcmalloc’s faster memory allocation.

Results

At the time of writing this article, I didn’t make benchmarks, but some reported that they had a ~15-20% performance gain. Please leave comments about your experience.

Categories
Documentation

Mirroring Dotdeb

If Dotdeb is useful for you and if you want to mirror it, just add a cron job to periodically fetch the packages :

rsync -a --delete rsync.dotdeb.org::packages/ /your/local/path/

Then, if you wish your mirror to appear on the mirrors list, send me its full URL.

Note 1 : mirroring once a day should be enough. More frequent updates could lead to a ban without any warning.
Note 2 : Using anything else than Rsync (Wget, HTTrack…) could lead to a ban without any warning.

Categories
Documentation PHP

Storing your PHP sessions using memcached

Using PHP sessions can be a problem when your PHP applications are load-balanced on many web servers. You can store them on a NFS export or recode the session_set_save_handler using a SQL backend for example. But there is no solution more efficient, more scalable, more performant and easier to deploy than using memcached…

Memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load…

Many well-known huge architecture (Facebook, Livejournal, Youtube…) are using it as memory caching to reduce the load on their servers. It can also be used to share PHP sessions among several servers. Let’s see how…

Installation

The first thing is to install the memcached server on your Debian server :

apt-get install memcached

Then, since the memcache PECL extension now provides its own session handler, it’s easy to plug PHP and memcached servers. Just install the appropriate extension (from Dotdeb) :

apt-get install php5-memcache

and change some of your PHP settings :

session.save_handler = files
; session.save_path = "N;/path"

to :

session.save_handler = memcache
; change server:port to fit your needs...
session.save_path="tcp://server:port?persistent=1&weight=1&timeout=1&retry_interval=15"

That’s all! After relaunching your Apache2 server, your PHP sessions will be stored on the memcached server.